Development:Building:Mozilla 1.9.0 Branch

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Stuff to Fix

Our existing developer documentation currently covers the build process and is in pretty good shape. There are, however, things we should improve.

Scratchpad for doing the fixing

The purpose of this page is to guide you through building and running Camino®. Camino is a stand-alone web browser powered by the Gecko rendering engine. It shouldn't be confused with Cocoazilla (a separate project to implement the full Mozilla suite using Cocoa), or CHBrowserView, which is just one piece of Camino. If you are new to Camino development, please see our <a href="http://www.caminobrowser.org/development/">developer introduction</a> for an overview of project conventions and the tools you'll need.

These instructions assume that you are familiar with basic UNIX command-line functionality, such as cd and mkdir. For an introduction to the UNIX command line, please see this <a href="http://www.macobserver.com/tips/macosxcl101/index.html">tutorial</a>.

Preparing to build: Xcode

Mac OS X 10.3.9 or later and Xcode 1.5 or Xcode 2.1 or later are now required for building Camino. Xcode is included on a separate disk with the purchase of a new Mac and is available as a free download from <a href="http://developer.apple.com/">Apple Developer Connection</a>.

Camino requires a custom Xcode installation to build properly: during installation, click the "Customize" button and turn on the "Cross Development" section. If you have previously installed Xcode without this option, run the installer again to add Cross Development before attempting to build Camino. Currently PowerPC builds required the 10.2.8 SDK (this will change in the near future) and Intel builds require the 10.4.u SDK; Universal builds require both SDKs. To build a Universal Camino, you must be running Mac OS X 10.4 or higher and use Xcode 2.1 or higher.

Regardless of which version of Mac OS X you are using, we recommend you always upgrade to the latest "point" release of the OS (e.g., Mac OS X 10.3.9 and Mac OS X 10.4.7 as of August 2006) and the latest Xcode version available for that version of Mac OS X (1.5 and 2.3, respectively).

Choosing the correct compiler version

If you are building on Mac OS X 10.4 ("Tiger") or later on PowerPC, you must change the default system compiler to gcc 3.3, the compiler used to produce official PowerPC builds. Use the following command:

$ sudo gcc_select 3.3

Builds on Intel Macintoshes, and on PowerPC Macs running Mac OS X 10.3.9, use the proper compiler versions (gcc 4.0.1, from Xcode 2.1 or later, on Intel, and gcc 3.3, from Xcode 1.5, on 10.3.9) by default, so no changes are needed.

libIDL and glib

Follow the instructions on the <a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Mac_OS_X_Build_Prerequisites#Software_Requirements">Mozilla Mac OS X Build Prerequisites page</a> for installing Fink or DarwinPorts and using them to install libIDL and glib. DarwinPorts is recommended for Intel-based Macs. If you are using Fink, be sure to remove the /sw directory entirely and reinstall Fink if you upgrade to a new major version of Mac OS X.

Shared Menus Framework

This section needs lots of work; we may well want to do it all ourself, as it's weird to send Uni/Intel people to the other page and non-Uni people here, possibly confusing everyone...

Follow the instructions on the <a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Mac_OS_X_Build_Prerequisites#Software_Requirements">Build Prerequisites page</a> for downloading the Shared Menus Framework. If you are building on an Intel Mac or plan on building a Universal Camino, you will need to follow the instructions in the <a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Mac_OS_X_Universal_Binaries#Building_a_Universal_SharedMenusCocoa">Mozilla Mac OS X Universal Binaries guide</a> to create a Universal Shared Menus Framework before installing it.

You will need to create a reference to the Shared Menus Framework inside the appropriate SDK folder(s). To do this, first <a href="ftp://ftp.url-manager.com/pub/SharedMenusCocoa.dmg.bin">download the SDK</a>, then place it in /Library/Frameworks. When copying the SDK, be sure to copy the SharedMenusCocoa.framework file from the build directory on the disk image. Continue as follows:

  1. Check to see if you have the folder /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.2.8.sdk (and the folder /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk if you're building on Intel on building a Universal Camino.
    If so, skip to step 2; if not, install the Xcode Cross Development tools as described above.
  2. $ sudo mkdir -p /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.2.8.sdk/Library/Frameworks
  3. $ cd /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.2.8.sdk/Library/Frameworks
  4. $ sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/SharedMenusCocoa.framework SharedMenusCocoa.framework
  5. For Universal or Intel builds, repeat the above three steps, substituting MacOSX10.4u.sdk for MacOSX10.2.8.sdk in each command.

Setting up your CVS Environment

Prepare your CVS client using the following parameters:

  • server: cvs-mirror.mozilla.org
  • root directory: cvsroot
  • username: anonymous
  • password: anonymous

If you are using Terminal.app (recommended) and the bash shell (the default for user accounts created under Mac OS X 10.3 or later), the following command will set up and save the above CVS configuration information:

$ export CVSROOT=:pserver:anonymous@cvs-mirror.mozilla.org:/cvsroot

If you are using another shell, you will have to use a different command to save the CVS configuration, but all subsequent commands in the checkout and build process are the same. (You can get to a bash shell at any time by typing "bash" at the command line and hitting "return.")

To connect to the CVS server, enter the command

$ cvs login

Enter the password when prompted. You are now ready to pull the source code from the server.

For more information on Mozilla CVS, see Mozilla Source Code Via CVS.

Pulling Source and Building Mozilla and Camino

  1. cd into the directory where you would like to keep your copy of the Camino source code (e.g., cd ~/lizard).
  2. Pull the main build makefile and configuration directory:
    $ cvs co mozilla/client.mk
    $ cvs co mozilla/camino/config/mozconfig
    $ cvs co mozilla/build/macosx/universal/mozconfig
    The last file is needed only if you are building a Universal Camino.
  3. cd into the mozilla directory that was just created:
    $ cd mozilla
  4. In your mozilla directory, create a plain text file called .mozconfig (note the leading period). This file is where you will set up the options for your Camino build. To begin, add the following line to your .mozconfig file (note the leading dot and space):
    . $topsrcdir/camino/config/mozconfig
    Universal builds will need to add the following line immediately after the above line:
    . $topsrcdir/build/macosx/universal/mozconfig
    Universal builds must also be built using an OBJDIR; be sure to add an OBJDIR line to your .mozconfig:
    mk_add_options MOZ_OBJDIR=@TOPSRCDIR@/../CaminoUni

    .mozconfig options
    • Optimized or Debug Mode Build
      The default settings will create an optimized build of Camino. To build in debug mode (for easier troubleshooting during development), add the following two lines:
      ac_add_options --disable-optimize
      ac_add_options --enable-debug

      Please Note: It's important to be aware of whether you've set up .mozconfig for a debug or optimized build, because you must match that setting when building Camino from Xcode. If the settings are not matched, key build variables won't get set correctly and vtables will be out of alignment. The net result is that either you won't link, or you'll crash at startup.

    • Static or Dynamic Build
      By default, Camino is built dynamically. To do a static build of Camino (which means that most of the components are compiled directly into the Camino binary), you can add the following lines to your .mozconfig file:
      ac_add_options --disable-shared
      ac_add_options --enable-static

      Static builds are used for distribution but are not recommended for development.

    • Building More Quickly on Dual-CPU Machines
       If your machine has two CPUs, you can take advantage of that while building Camino. Add the following to your .mozconfig file:
      mk_add_options MOZ_MAKE_FLAGS=-j4


      • Sample .mozconfig
      sample
  5. Pull source and build:
    • To pull the source and build in one step, use:
      $ make -f client.mk

      This will automatically pull the source code from the CVS server and build Camino (including various components of Mozilla that Camino requires). The final Camino package ends up in mozilla/camino/build.

    • To pull the source without building, use this command:
      $ make -f client.mk checkout MOZ_CO_PROJECT=macbrowser

You can then build at any time by running make -f client.mk from the mozilla directory.

For more information on the build process, see Mac_OS_X_Build_Prerequisites and Mac_OS_X_Universal_Binaries in the Mozilla Developer Center.

Development

To work on Camino application code, open up the Camino.xcode project (from the camino directory) in Xcode. You can edit code, build, and run from inside of Xcode.

When building with Xcode, make sure your build settings match those in your .mozconfig file: from the "Active Build Style" item in the toolbar, choose "Development" for a debug build, or "Deployment" for an optimized build. If you do not match your settings to your .mozconfig, your build will fail.

Upgrading the Camino project file on Mac OS X 10.4
Because Camino still supports building on Mac OS X 10.3.9, you will need to upgrade the project file before you can build from Xcode on Mac OS X 10.4. To upgrade your copy of the project file, follow these steps:

  • Open Xcode and choose Open from the File menu
  • Browse to mozilla/camino/ and select Camino.xcode
  • Choose Upgrade a Copy
    • and click the Save button in the resulting dialog.
  • On Intel Macs, or if you're building a Universal Camino, perform the following three steps as well:
    • Choose Edit Project Settings from the Project menu
    • In the General tab, select Mac OS X 10.4 (Universal) in the Cross-Develop Using Target SDK drop-down menu.
    • Click on Change in the panel that pops up.


Note that whenever Camino.xcode changes, you will need to repeat these steps. Luckily, the project file does not change often.

Widget Code
If you've edited the Cocoa widget code, you can make in mozilla/widget/src/cocoa to rebuild the widget library with your changes. The easiest way to get the new version of the library into Camino to test it is to use cp to copy it into the Camino application package (into mozilla/camino/build/Camino.app/Contents/MacOS/components). (This tactic does not work for static builds, which is why they are not recommended for development.) As an alternative, you can make in embedding/config and mozilla/camino again.

Other changes
If you've changed code only within the camino directory, you can rebuild using Xcode. (Again, make sure your build settings match your .mozconfig file).

If you've changed anything outside the camino directory (aside from widget code — see above), you cannot build from inside Xcode, and will need to make -f client.mk from the mozilla directory.

Updating the source and rebuilding
Since the Mozilla core (Gecko) and Camino code are always under constant development, you will periodically want to update your source tree to stay current and to make sure your code will conflict with any changes that have happened since you began working. (You will always want to make sure your tree is current before beginning work on the code and before submitting a patch for review.)

Before updating your tree, visit the Tinderbox and make sure that the 2nd, 3rd, and 6th columns are green (these are the Camino trunk builds). Then cd to your mozilla directory and run the following commands:
$ cvs update -dP client.mk
$ make -f client.mk

It's possible in most cases to update only Camino code (unless Gecko changes have made changes to Camino code), but it is still recommended that you update your entire tree regularly. To update only the Camino code, cd to your mozilla/camino directory and run the following commands:
$ cvs update -dP
$ make

For OBJDIR builds used by most developers, replace make with cd ../../{OBJDIR}/camino; make (the sample development .mozconfig above specifies an OBJDIR by default).

Packaging a build for testing
Sometimes you'll want to create a custom build to allow a large new feature to receive wider testing from the community before review or landing. In order to do this, you need to build with a "distribution" .mozconfig. Then, when your build is complete, run make in {OBJDIR}/camino/installer to produce a disk image for distribution.

Cleaning your tree
Sometimes your build will fail because there are stale build products somewhere in the tree and new ones that conflict, or for other reasons related to the state of your tree. This can be fixed by cleaning your tree. To clean your tree, cd to where and do what? (make distclean?)

FAQ

Q. What versions of Mac OS X, Xcode, development SDK, and gcc are supported for building Camino?
A. There is a constantly-updated matrix of working build configurations on the Mozilla Wiki.

However, Camino officially supports building with Xcode 1.5, 10.2.8 SDK, and gcc 3.3 on Mac OS X 10.3.9, Xcode 2.1 or higher, 10.2.8 SDK, and gcc 3.3 on Mac OS X 10.4.7 PPC, and Xcode 2.1 or higher, 10.4u SDK, and gcc 4 on Mac OS X 10.4.7 Intel, and these build instructions and the default .mozconfig settings expect build environments to conform to these requirements. Your build will fail if you do not adhere to these requirements or make all the configuration changes required for another working configuration.

Q. Can I build on Mac OS X 10.4 on PowerPC using gcc 4?
A. Yes, with a few caveats. Builds produced with gcc 4 will only run on Mac OS X 10.3.9 and above. Because of this, official Camino releases for PowerPC will continue to be built with gcc 3.3. To use gcc 3.3 on Tiger, simply enter sudo gcc_select 3.3 in a terminal.

The version of gcc 4 that initially shipped with Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger is a pre-release version and will not build Camino. Users with Xcode 2.0 must either upgrade to Xcode 2.1, which includes a working version of gcc 4, or to switch to gcc 3.3 with sudo gcc_select 3.3.

If you've read this and are still positive that you want to use gcc 4, you must add the following line to the end of your .mozconfig file: ac_add_options --with-macos-sdk=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk

gcc 4 users will also need to create a link to the Shared Menus Framework in the 10.3.9 SDK if one does not already exist.
$ sudo mkdir -p /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/Library/Frameworks
$ sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/SharedMenusCocoa.framework /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk/Library/Frameworks

Q. How do I build a release version of Camino or build Camino from a specific branch?
A. These build instructions will build the "trunk" code for Camino, the site of ongoing development. If you want to build the latest Camino release, download and unpack the <a href="ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/camino/source">source tarball</a> for that release instead of checking out source from cvs.

For release builds of Camino, be sure to add the following lines to your .mozconfig file:
ac_add_options --disable-shared
ac_add_options --enable-static

After editing your .mozconfig, start your build by running make -f client.mk from your mozilla directory.

If you wish to build the Camino code that exists on a certain branch, you should follow the main instructions for checking out the source code but modify the two cvs co commands to include the appropriate branch tag. To build Camino code on the Mozilla 1.8 branch (code that will become Camino 1.1), the appropriate commands are as follows:
$ cvs co -r MOZILLA_1_8_BRANCH mozilla/client.mk
$ cvs co -r MOZILLA_1_8_BRANCH mozilla/camino/config/mozconfig

Note that all Camino development is done on the trunk and back-ported to the branches if needed, so those wishing to become involved in Camino development should follow the main instructions.

Q. Why can't I get a fresh copy of Camino to build?
A. Despite our best efforts, sometimes the Mozilla or Camino tree is "red," meaning that the source code won't build properly in its current state. Before you pull, you can check the status on <a href="http://tinderbox.mozilla.org/showbuilds.cgi?tree=Camino">Camino's tinderbox</a>. If the Camino tinderbox or the Mac builds or UNIX/Linux builds in the <a href="http://tinderbox.mozilla.org/showbuilds.cgi?tree=SeaMonkey">Mozilla (aka SeaMonkey)</a> or <a href="http://tinderbox.mozilla.org/showbuilds.cgi?tree=Firefox">Firefox</a> tinderboxes are red, you probably should avoid checking out.

If your build fails, just wait until things go green again and repull Camino.

(Confused? Here's an <a href="http://www.caminobrowser.org/development/programming/#tinderbox">introduction to Tinderbox</a>).

If the tree was green when you pulled your source, consult the list of common build errors and see if your error is listed. If so, follow the steps listed there to fix your build.

Q. I get an error from the Terminal or from Xcode when trying to build Camino; what's wrong?
A. Consult the list of common build errors and see if your error is listed. If so, follow the steps listed there to fix your build.

Q. My Camino build crashes at startup — what's wrong?
A. This has most likely occurred because you are building from within Xcode and have set up .mozconfig for an optimized build and Xcode for a debug build, or the other way around. Follow the instructions above to set your build mode in both .mozconfig and Xcode. Or just build from the command line using make -f client.mk.

Q. What if I still can't get Camino to build?
A. First check the Build Errors page to see if you've run in to any of the common errors. If not, there are two places to go for help building Camino:

  • The <a href="irc://irc.mozilla.org/#camino>#camino</a> IRC channel at irc.mozilla.org is a good place to find some Mac weenies in real time who, if you ask nicely and don't be a pest, will happily get you on your way.
  • For non-real-time build help, the <a href="http://forums.mozillazine.org/viewforum?f=12">Camino forum at MozillaZine</a> has a number of regulars who can usually solve your build woes.
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